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Authoring GitHub Actions Workflows Safely
Author and review GitHub Actions workflow YAML safely so syntactically-valid YAML can't ship a workflow that GitHub Actions refuses to run. USE FOR: editing, adding, or reviewing any file under .github/workflows/, writing run-name/name/if/env/run values that contain ${{ }} expressions, diagnosing a run that fails with 'This run likely failed because of a workflow file issue' and no jobs starting, deciding when a workflow scalar must be quoted, validating workflows with actionlint. DO NOT USE FOR: authoring application YAML unrelated to GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, GitLab CI, or non-workflow YAML. SCOPE: this skill covers *syntactic/structural* correctness of workflow YAML (quoting, parsing, actionlint); for *semantic and functional* workflow design (what a workflow should do, agentic-workflow behavior), see .github/agents/agentic-workflows.agent.md — the two are complementary. INVOKES: actionlint (downloaded pinned binary) plus git/grep for inspection.
Workflow
Step 1: Identify the changed/authored workflow files
git diff --name-only origin/main... -- .github/workflows/
For each file, scan every line that contains ${{ together with a #, a colon-space, or a leading special character.
Step 2: Quote risky expression scalars
Wrap the full value in double quotes when the value embeds an expression and contains a # or other special character (see the table above). Prefer double quotes when the inner expression uses single quotes, and vice-versa. Do not escape the ${{ }} braces — quoting the scalar is enough.
Step 3: Validate with actionlint (authoritative)
actionlint understands the GitHub Actions schema *and* the expression grammar, so it catches exactly this class of bug that plain YAML linters miss. Download a pinned release and run it:
ACTIONLINT_VERSION=1.7.7
ACTIONLINT_SHA256=023070a287cd8cccd71515fedc843f1985bf96c436b7effaecce67290e7e0757
curl -fsSLo actionlint.tar.gz \
"https://github.com/rhysd/actionlint/releases/download/v${ACTIONLINT_VERSION}/actionlint_${ACTIONLINT_VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz"
# Verify the download against the pinned checksum before extracting/executing it:
echo "${ACTIONLINT_SHA256} actionlint.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c -
tar -xzf actionlint.tar.gz actionlint
# Focus on workflow/expression correctness; silence shell/py style noise:
./actionlint -shellcheck= -pyflakes= -color .github/workflows/*.yml
On Windows PowerShell, use the actionlint_<ver>_windows_amd64.zip asset and Expand-Archive.
The truncated-expression bug surfaces as:
got unexpected EOF while lexing end of string literal, expecting ''' [expression]
A clean exit code 0 means the workflows are structurally valid.
Step 4: Confirm a YAML-only check is not enough
Do not rely on yaml.safe_load, yamllint, or "it parses" as proof. They accept the truncated-comment form. Only actionlint (or pushing and watching GitHub Actions parse it) validates the Actions layer.
Step 5: Keep the CI gate green
This repository runs actionlint automatically (see .github/workflows/actionlint.yml) on any PR that touches .github/workflows/. Ensure your change passes that check before requesting review. If you add a new workflow, the gate covers it automatically.
References
- actionlint — static checker for GitHub Actions workflows.
- GitHub Actions: workflow syntax
- YAML 1.2 spec — comments
- Repository skill-authoring guide: `.agents/skills/create-skill/SKILL.md`
Related skills
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